The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs and glands, while the somatic nervous system controls muscles and movement. The somatic nervous system has sensory and motor pathways, whereas the autonomic nervous system only has motor pathways. The autonomic nervous system consists of two sub-components, whereas the somatic nervous system only has one. The somatic has voluntary control of skin, bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. This produces voluntary muscle contractions as well as automatic reflexes. The autonomic has involuntary control of internal organs, blood vessels, smooth and cardiac muscles. The sympathetic nervous system responds to external stimuli by preparing the body for fight or flight and the somatic nervous system responds to external stimuli (by carrying information from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain). The muscles are generally divided into two groupings: somatic effectors, which are the bodys striated muscles (such as those found in the arm and back), and. The postganglionic neurons give off long axons (postganglionic fibers) that leave the ganglia and project onto visceral effectors, where they release the. The somatic motor division carries signals to the skeletal muscles. The sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic nervous system) and the somatic nervous system respond to external stimuli. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (somatic/autonomic & sympathetic/parasympathetic) The peripheral nervous system is further divided into the autonomic nervous system, which controls organs and glands, and the somatic nervous system. The brain consists of multiple regions responsible for different functions, whereas the spinal cord has one main function. The somatic nervous system, also called the somatomotor or somatic efferent nervous system, supplies motor impulses to the skeletal muscles. The brain provides conscious awareness and allows for higher-order thinking, while the spinal cord allows for simple reflex responses. the brain stem controls breathing and the spinal cord controls involuntary reflexes). The brain stem and spinal cord both control involuntary processes (e.g. The brain, the seat of higher mental functions such as consciousness, memory, planning, and voluntary actions, also controls lower body functions such as the maintenance of respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. Here are some key similarities and differences when comparing the CNS (Brain & spinal cord) and PNS (somatic/autonomic & sympathetic/parasympathetic).ĬENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (brain & spinal cord)
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